Saudi Arabia is developing a civil nuclear programme under its Vision 2030 economic plan. This initiative aims to reduce carbon emissions and increase oil exports by diversifying energy sources. The kingdom is discussing nuclear energy cooperation with the United States, though regional politics and proliferation concerns pose challenges. This is a vital current affairs topic for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, and Banking.
Why Nuclear Power?
Reducing Oil Dependency
Saudi Arabia currently relies on gas (68%) and oil (32%) for electricity, using 1.4 million barrels of crude daily for power. A nuclear programme would reduce this dependency, freeing up oil for exports. It would also support water desalination, a critical need. Additionally, concerns about Iran’s potential nuclear weapons drive Saudi Arabia’s interest in nuclear technology.
Benefits for the United States
Strategic and Commercial Gains
A nuclear deal with Saudi Arabia offers the United States both strategic and commercial benefits. It would strengthen US-Saudi relations and support diplomatic efforts involving Israel. US companies could also participate in building Saudi nuclear facilities, boosting economic ties.
Legal and Safety Measures
Ensuring Non-Proliferation
Under the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the US can negotiate civil nuclear agreements that meet non-proliferation standards. These agreements undergo Congressional review to ensure nuclear technology is not misused, maintaining international safety.
Other Potential Partners
Global Cooperation Options
If US talks fail, Saudi Arabia may collaborate with China, Russia, South Korea, or France. Each country offers unique technological expertise and financing options, but the choice will depend on geopolitical factors.
Uranium Enrichment Concerns
Preventing Weaponisation
A key issue is whether the US will allow uranium enrichment in Saudi Arabia. Enrichment could lead to highly enriched uranium, raising weaponisation risks. Safeguards in any agreement are crucial, and Saudi investments in US enrichment plants may be needed to secure technology.
Regional and Diplomatic Challenges
Balancing Security Concerns
Israel opposes a Saudi nuclear programme, complicating US diplomacy. Saudi Arabia’s commitment to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is vital to ensure peaceful use. Balancing regional security with energy goals remains a challenge for all parties.
Relevance for Competitive Exams
Study Resource for Aspirants
Saudi Arabia’s civil nuclear programme is a crucial current affairs topic for competitive exams. Topics like nuclear energy, non-proliferation, and international relations are frequently tested in exams like IAS, IBPS, and RRB. Stay updated with GKboard.in for concise, exam-focused current affairs content.