Escalating tensions emerged between India, Turkey, and Azerbaijan due to their support for Pakistan amid an ongoing conflict. India’s launch of Operation Sindoor, targeting terror camps in Pakistan, has intensified these diplomatic strains. This has led to calls for boycotting Turkish products and tourism, as well as advisories against travel to both Turkey and Azerbaijan, impacting longstanding trade and people-to-people ties.
Historical Trade Relations
A Foundation of Economic Cooperation
India has maintained trade relations with Turkey and Azerbaijan for decades. A bilateral trade agreement with Turkey was signed in 1973, followed by the establishment of the India-Turkiye Joint Commission on Economic and Technical Cooperation in 1983. These agreements aimed to foster economic collaboration. Similarly, India and Azerbaijan have nurtured trade ties, focusing on mutual economic benefits.
Current Trade Dynamics
Shifting Economic Ties
From April to February 2024-25, India’s exports to Turkey reached USD 5.2 billion, a decline from USD 6.65 billion the previous year. Exports to Azerbaijan were USD 86.07 million, slightly down from USD 89.67 million. Imports from Turkey stood at USD 2.84 billion, down from USD 3.78 billion, while imports from Azerbaijan rose to USD 1.93 million from USD 0.74 million. India maintains a trade surplus with both nations, but recent tensions may further impact these figures.
Key Traded Products
Diverse Trade Portfolio
India’s exports to Turkey include mineral fuels, electrical machinery, auto parts, organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and cotton. Major imports from Turkey comprise marbles, apples, and mineral oil. For Azerbaijan, India exports tobacco, tea, and chemicals, while importing animal fodder and essential oils. These products are now at the center of boycott calls by Indian traders.
Impact on Trade and Tourism
Boycotts and Travel Advisories
The support of Pakistan by Turkey and Azerbaijan has sparked a negative perception of their products in India. Indian traders and consumers are increasingly boycotting Turkish goods, which could further reduce trade volumes. Additionally, online platforms have issued advisories against travel to Turkey and Azerbaijan, potentially affecting tourism. In 2023, 300,000 Indian tourists visited Turkey, and 200,000 traveled to Azerbaijan, numbers that may decline due to these developments.
People-to-People Connections
Cultural and Educational Ties
Despite the tensions, cultural and educational exchanges have historically strengthened ties. Approximately 3,000 Indians, including 200 students, reside in Turkey, while over 1,500 Indians live in Azerbaijan. These communities play a vital role in fostering people-to-people connections, which could influence future diplomatic and trade relations.
Why This Matters
Navigating Diplomatic Challenges
The current tensions highlight the complex interplay of geopolitics, trade, and public sentiment. India’s response, including Operation Sindoor and boycott calls, reflects its firm stance against external support for Pakistan in the conflict. The evolving situation could reshape India’s economic and diplomatic relations with Turkey and Azerbaijan, underscoring the importance of balanced foreign policy in maintaining regional stability.
Key Facts About India-Turkey-Azerbaijan Relations
- Tensions escalated due to Turkey and Azerbaijan’s support for Pakistan amid India’s Operation Sindoor.
- India’s exports to Turkey were USD 5.2 billion and to Azerbaijan USD 86.07 million from April to February 2024-25.
- Key Indian exports to Turkey include mineral fuels and pharmaceuticals, while imports feature marbles and apples.
- In 2023, 300,000 Indian tourists visited Turkey and 200,000 traveled to Azerbaijan.
- India maintains a trade surplus with both nations, but boycotts may impact future trade volumes.