On May 22, 2025, Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan outlined a transformative vision for India’s armed forces through the establishment of Integrated Theatre Commands (ITCs), as detailed in his book released by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. This restructuring, aimed at enhancing operational efficiency and inter-service collaboration, marks a significant step in modernizing India’s military capabilities.
What are Integrated Theatre Commands?
Streamlining Military Operations
Integrated Theatre Commands (ITCs) are designed to unify the resources of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force under a single commander for specific geographical regions. Unlike the current 17 single-service commands, ITCs aim to enhance jointness by integrating operations, logistics, and communication systems. The initiative separates operational execution from administrative functions, allowing for a more agile and coordinated military response.
Roles and Responsibilities
Division of Duties
Under the ITC framework, theatre commanders will focus on force application, overseeing real-time military operations and strategic deployments. In contrast, Service Chiefs will handle the Raise, Train, and Sustain (RTS) functions, ensuring that forces are well-prepared and supported. This clear division of responsibilities enhances operational readiness and logistical efficiency.
| Role | Responsibilities |
|---|---|
| Theatre Commanders | Oversee military operations and strategic deployments |
| Service Chiefs | Manage raising, training, and sustaining forces |
Importance of Jointness
Enhancing Collaboration
General Anil Chauhan has emphasized jointness as a cornerstone of the ITC framework, terming it “Jointness 2.0”. This involves joint training exercises, shared logistics, and integrated communication systems among the three services. Such collaboration is expected to improve response to threats and foster a unified joint culture, moving beyond the earlier “Jointness 1.0” phase of basic consensus.
Challenges in Implementation
Overcoming Resistance
The transition to ITCs faces significant challenges, including historical resistance within the military due to service-specific traditions. Logistical hurdles, such as integrating infrastructure and processes, also pose obstacles. Ensuring that all personnel are informed and prepared for this paradigm shift is critical for the success of this reform.
Political Context and Structure
Strategic Alignment
The establishment of ITCs aligns with the BJP’s 2024 election manifesto, reflecting a political commitment to defense modernization. A consensus has emerged for creating three theatre commands: one for the northern border (facing China, headquartered in Lucknow), another for the western border (facing Pakistan, in Jaipur), and a maritime command (in Thiruvananthapuram) for coastal defense. The appointment of four-star officers as theatre commanders and Vice CDS underscores the reform’s priority.
Significance of the Reform
A Revolutionary Change
Described as one of the most revolutionary changes in the Indian military since independence, the ITC initiative aims to create a technologically advanced and combat-ready force. By fostering multi-domain operations and integrating emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and cyber warfare, the reform enhances India’s ability to address contemporary security challenges.
Key Highlights
- Event Date: Outlined on May 22, 2025, in General Anil Chauhan’s book, released by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
- ITC Framework: Unifies Army, Navy, and Air Force under three theatre commands for northern, western, and maritime regions.
- Roles: Theatre commanders handle operations, while Service Chiefs focus on RTS functions.
- Jointness: Emphasizes Jointness 2.0 for integrated training, logistics, and communication.
- Exam Relevance: Crucial for understanding defense reforms, national security, and government initiatives.